18 - Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

In this post, you can check the solutions to the exercises of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction of Oasis School Science Grade 10 by Jayananda Kapadi.

Group A

1. What is reproduction?
Answer: Reproduction is a biological process of giving birth to off springs.

2. Why do living beings reproduce?
Answer: Living beings reproduce to give continuity to their generation.

3. What is asexual reproduction?
Answer: Asexual reproduction is defined as the reproduction carried out without the fusion of male and female gametes.

4. Name the various methods of asexual reproduction that occurs in plants.
Answer: Following are the various methods of asexual reproduction occurring in plants:
  • Fission
  • Budding
  • Sporulation
  • Fragmentation
  • Vegetative propagation by root, stem and leaf
5. What is fission? What are the types of fission?
Answer: Fission is an asexual method of  reproduction in which a single parent organism breaks down into two or more daughter organisms.
Following are the types of fission:
  • Binary Fission
  • Multiple Fission


6. What is binary fission?
Answer: A type of fission in which a single parent organism divides into exactly two daughter organisms is called binary fission.

7. Name any two organisms that reproduce by binary fission.
Answer: Any two organisms that reproduce by binary fission are:
  • Amoeba
  • Bacteria
8. What is multiple fission?
Answer: Multiple fission is such type of fission in which a single parent organism divides into more than two daughter organisms.

9. Name one plant and one animal that reproduce by multiple fission.
Answer: One plant that reproduces by multiple fission is  and one animal that reproduces by multiple fission is Amoeba.

10. What is budding?
Answer: Budding is an asexual method of reproduction in which new organisms are produced by the formation of buds.

11. Name any two organisms that reproduce by budding.
Answer: Any two organisms that reproduce by budding are: Yeast and Hydra.

12. What is sporulation?
Answer: Sporulation is a asexual method of reproduction in some organisms in which new organisms are produced by the formation of spores.


13. Name any two organisms that reproduce by sporulation.
Answer: Any two organisms that reproduce by sporulation are:
  • Marchantia
  • Rhizopus
14. What is regeneration?
Answer: Regeneration is an asexual method of reproduction in some animals in which they can generate their whole body part by a small part only.

15. What is vegetative propagation?
Answer: Vegetative propagation is an asexual method of reproduction in plants in which new plants are produced from the vegetative parts of the plants containing adventitious buds such as: leaves, roots, and stems.

16. Name one plant each that reproduce asexually by root and stem.
Answer: One plant each that reproduce asexually by root and stem are carrot and potato, respectively.

17. Name any two plants that reproduce asexually by leaves.
Answer: Any two plants that reproduce asexually by leaves are Bryophyllum and Begonia.

18. Name an organism which reproduces by either of the given methods:
  • i) Multiple fission: Amoeba
  • ii) Vegetative propagation by stem: Potato
19. What is sexual reproduction?
Answer: Sexual reproduction is defined as the type of reproduction in which new organisms are produced by the fusion of male and female gametes.


20. What is pollination?
Answer: Pollination is defined as the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of flowers.

21. Name two types of pollination.
Answer: Two types of pollination are:
  • Self pollination
  • Cross pollination
22. What is fertilization?
Answer: Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes to form zygote.

23. What is double fertilization?
Answer: Double fertilization is defined as the fertilization in which one male gamete fuses with the female gamete and the other male gamete fuses with secondary nucleus.

24. Name the types of fertilization.
Answer: The types of fertilization are:
  • Internal fertilization
  • External fertilization
25. What is internal fertilization?
Answer: Internal fertilization is the process of fusion of male and female gamete inside the female body.

26. Name any two animals in which external fertilization takes place.
Answer: Any two animals in which external fertilization takes place are:
  • Frog
  • Fish
27. What is an embryo?
Answer: An embryo is the early stage of development of an organism in which the plants or animals are very young.

28. What is layering?
Answer: Layering is an artificial method of reproduction in which new plants are produced by the formation of roots in the stems of the plants.


29. What are types of layering? Name them.
Answer: Types of layering are:
  • Tip layering
  • Compound layering
  • Simple layering
  • Mound or stool layering
  • Air layering 
30. What is compound layering?
Answer: Compound layering is defined as the type of layering in which multiple portions of the same stem are buried under the ground for reproduction.

31. Name any two types of plants that are propagated by compound layering.
Answer: Any two types of plants that are propagated by compound layering are: 
  • Apples
  • Pears
32. What is tip layering?
Answer: Tip layering is a type of layering in which the tip of the stem of a plant is buried in the ground to develop new plants.

33. Name any two plants that are propagated by tip layering.
Answer: Any two plants that are propagated by tip layering are:
  • Raspberry
  • Blackberry
34. What is grafting?
Answer: Grafting is an artificial method of reproduction in which new plants are developed by combining the scion and stock of different plants.

35. Name any two plants that are propagated by grafting.
Answer: Any two plants that are propagated by grafting are:
  • Mango
  • Apple
36. What is tongue grafting?
Answer: Tongue grafting is such type of grafting in which a tongue like deep structure made on both the scion and stock hold them together tightly.

38. What is tissue culture?
Answer: Tissue culture is a an artificial method of reproducing new plants from plant cells or tissues.


Group B

39. What is the meaning of the saying that yeast reproduces asexually by budding?
Answer: The meaning of the above saying is that yeast reproduces by the formation of buds without the fusion of male and female gametes.

40. What does it mean by the saying that spirogyra reproduces by fragmentation?
Answer: By the above saying, it means that a single parent spirogyra divides itself into many smaller fragments which are each capable of growing into a new spirogyra.

41. Write any two differences between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.

52. The number of chromosome in gametes is haploid, why?
Answer: Gametes are formed by meiotic cell division which is also a reductional cell division. Therefore, the number of chromosome in gametes is haploid (n).

53. The fertilization in frog is called external fertilization, why?
Answer: In frog, the male frog fertilizes the egg laid by female frog outside the body of the female and the new frog is developed completely outside the female body. Therefore, the fertilization in frog is called external fertilization.


54. The number of chromosome is different in gametes and zygote, why?
Answer: Gametes is a haploid cell whereas zygote is diploid cell. Gamete is formed by the process of meiosis while zygote is formed by the combination of male and female gametes. Therefore, the number of chromosome is different in gametes and zygote. 

55. Write any two differences between stool layering and air layering.

58. Which method is widely used in Nepal out of grafting, layering and tissue culture, why?
Answer: In Nepal, out of grafting, layering and tissue culture; grafting is widely used because it is a simple and quick method of propagation of plants that can be used to improve the productions, as well.

About this book:

Oasis School Science Grade 10
Author: Jayananda Kapadi
Editor: Dr. Rameshwar Adhikari

About Oasis Publication:

Oasis Publication (P) Ltd.
Anamnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal
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