15 - Human Nervous System and Glandular System

In this post, you can check the solutions to the exercises of Human Nervous System and Glandular System of Oasis School Science Grade 10 by Jayananda Kapadi.

Group A

1. What is stimulus and reaction?
Answer: Stimulus is an external factors or change in the environment that brings about a response in a living organism. Reaction is the response shown either towards it away from the stimulus by a living organism.

2. What is nervous system?
Answer: The nervous system is a collection of related organs and tissues that control and coordinate the overall functions of the body with the help of nerves.

3. Write any two functions of nervous system.
Answer: Any two functions of nervous system are:
a) It collects information from inside the body and outside world with the help of five sense organs.
b) It processes the impulses to determine the best result.


4. Write any two functions of human brain.
Answer: Any two functions of human brain are:
a) It stores information and brings changes in human body accordingly.
b) It received information from sensory nerves and responds to them by sending its own instructions via motor nerves.

5. What is cerebrospinal fluid? Write down its main function.
Answer: Cerebrospinal fluid is a colourless watery fluid present in the space between arachnoid and pia mater in the brain and spinal cord, as well.
Its main function is to protect the brain and the spinal cord from mechanical injuries.

6. Write down the functions of cerebrum.
Answer: The functions of cerebrum are as follows:
a) It governs mental abilities like thinking, learning, reasoning and intelligence.
b) It enables us to observe things around us with the help of the sense organs.

7. What is spinal cord? Where is it located?
Answer: Spinal cord is a long, cylindrical structure that arises from the medulla oblongata of the brain and passes through the neural canal of the vertebral column.
It is located inside the bony cage of the vertebral column.

8. Write down the major functions of spinal cord.
Answer: The major functions of spinal cord are as follows:
a) It governs reflex action.
b) It connects a large part of the peripheral nervous system to the brain.

9. How many pairs of nerves are originated from the spinal cord?
Answer: 31 pairs of nerves are originated from the spinal cord.


10. What is a neuron?
Answer: A neuron is a specialized nerve cell that acts as the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.

11. What is sensory nerve?
Answer: A sensory nerve is a type of nerve that carries impulses from various parts of the body to the brain or the spinal cord is called a sensory nerve.

12. Write down the function of motor nerve.
Answer: The function of motor nerve is to carry the impulses generated by the brain or spinal cord to the effectors for response.

13. What is reflex action? Give an example.
Answer: Reflex action is the sudden and automatic response of the body to an unexpected event. Example: watering of mouth at the sight of tasty food.

14. What is endocrine system?
Answer: A group of endocrine glands that secret various hormones in the body required for its growth and development is called an endocrine system.

15. How many types of glands are there? Name them.
Answer: There are two types of glands. They are: Endocrine Glands and Exocrine Glands.


16. Define exocrine glands with any two examples.
Answer: Exocrine glands are the organs that secret enzymes in the body and have ducts. Examples are salivary gland and intestinal gland.

17. What are endocrine glands?
Answer: Endocrine glands are the organs that secret hormones in the body and are ductless.

18. Name any two endocrine glands found in our body.
Answer: Any two endocrine glands found in our body are: Thyroid gland and Adrenal gland.

19. What is a hormone?
Answer: A hormone is a chemical messenger of a human body that transmits information to various parts of the body to integrate their proper functioning.

20. Where is pituitary gland located?
Answer: The pituitary gland is located just below the mid-brain.

21. Write the name and function of the fluid found in brain?
Answer: The name of the fluid found in brain is Cerebrospinal fluid and it protects the brain from mechanical shocks.

22. Write any two functions of cerebrospinal fluid.
Answer: Any two functions of cerebrospinal fluid are:
a) It protects the brain and the spinal cord from mechanical shocks.
b) It acts as a buoyant fluid that reduces the effective weight of the brain.


23. Write any two functions of the medulla oblongata.
Answer: Any two functions of the medulla oblongata are:
a) It controls contraction and relaxation of the blood vessels.
b) It acts as the regulating center for coughing, sneezing, swallowing, etc.

24. How many number of spinal nerves are present in human body?
Answer: 31 pairs (62) spinal nerves are present in human body.

25. Write the name of hormone and gland that controls blood sugar.
Answer: Insulin hormone and pancreas (gland) controls blood sugar.

26. Which hormone balances calcium in bone?
Answer: Parathormone (Parathyroid hormone or PTH) balances calcium in bone.

27. Name the hormone secreted by male gonads. Mention one important function of this hormone.
Answer: The hormone secreted by male gonads is Testosterone hormone. Its important function is to control the growth of secondary sexual characteristics in males.

28. What is the function of motor nerve?
Answer: The function of motor nerve is to carry the impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the effectors for response.

29. Name the hormone secreted by pancreas. Mention one important function of this hormone.
Answer: The hormone secreted by the pancreas is Insulin hormone.
Its important function is to regulate blood sugar level by regulating conversion of glucose into glycogen.


Group B

1. Write any two differences between sensory neuron and motor neuron.
Answer: Any two differences between sensory neuron and motor neuron are:
Sensory neuron Motor neuron
Sensory neuron carries impulses from the sensory organs to the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neuron carries impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to the effector organs.
It is connected to sensory organs. It is connected to effector organs.

2. Write any two differences between axon and dendrites.
Answer: Any two differences between axon and dendrites are:
Axon Dendrites
Axon are the structures of a neuron that carry impulses away from the never cell. Dendrites are the structures of a neuron that carry impulses to the nerve cell.
Axon are longer in shape and only one in number in one nerve cell. Dendrites are shorter in shape and many in number in one nerve cell.

3. Write any two differences between cerebrum and cerebellum.
Answer: Any two differences between cerebrum and cerebellum are:
Cerebrum Cerebellum
Cerebrum is the largest part of a brain. Cerebellum is the second largest party of a brain.
It acts as the centre for mental abilities, feelings, and helps us to observe things using sense organs. It acts as the centre for voluntary movement of the body and maintains body equilibrium.
 
4. Write any two differences between exocrine gland and endocrine gland.
Answer: Any two differences between exocrine gland and endocrine gland are:
Exocrine gland Endocrine gland
This gland secrets its excretion through a duct. This gland is ductless and secrets its secretions directly into the blood stream.
It secrets enzymes. It secrets hormone.

5. Brain is considered as the centre of sense, why?
Answer: Brain is a part of central nervous system that controls and coordinates all the functions of the body. Cerebrum, a part of the brain, helps us to observe things around us with the help of five sense organs. Thus, brain is considered as the centre of sense.

6. Pituitary gland is called master gland, why?
Answer: Pituitary gland is called master gland because it directly or indirectly controls the secretion of most of other glands.

7. Hormones are chemical messengers, why?
Answer: Hormones are chemicals substances secreted by the endocrine glands. These carry information and messages that regulate the function of many targeted organs due to which our body functions properly. Therefore, hormones are called chemical messengers. 

8. Adrenal gland is called an emergency gland, why?
Answer: Adrenal gland secrets hormones that help us to deal with situation of flight, fright and fear. Thus, it is called an emergency gland.

9. Pancreas is called a mixed gland, why?
Answer: Pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland because it secrets both hormones and enzymes. Thus, it called a mixed gland.


10. "Endocrine glands are very important even they are small in size." Give any two reasons to justify this statement.
Answer: Any two reasons to support the above statement are:
  • Endocrine glands secret hormones that maintain the balance of the body by controlling the functions of various organs.
  • Disturbance in the functioning of these gland affects the body adversely resulting in gigantism, dwarfism, obesity, sterility, etc.

Group B


1. Write any two differences between sensory and motor neuron.

Answer:
Sensory NeuronMotor Neuron
Sensory neuron is a specialized cell in human body that transports information (impulses) from the body parts to the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neuron is a specialized cell in human body that transports information from the brain and the spinal cord to the body organs.
It controls the senses.It controls the muscle movements.


Group C

1. Draw a neat diagram showing the structure of human brain.
Answer: 


2. Write any three functions of nervous system.
Answer: Any three functions of nervous system are:
  • Input: To gather the impulses from the outer environment and inside the body and carry them to the brain or spinal cord for response.
  • Process: To analyse the received impulses and process to determine the best result.
  • Output: To execute the information determined by the brain or spinal cord as action.
3. Write any three functions of cerebrum.
Answer: Any three functions of cerebrum are:
  • It governs the mental abilities of bodies such as thinking, learning, reasoning, memorizing and intelligence.
  • Govern the feeling of love, hatred, and admiration.
  • To observe the environment using our five sense organs.
4. Write any three functions of medulla oblongata.
Answer: Medulla oblongata is very important part of the brain. Any damage to it may cause instant death of the person.
Any three functions of it are:
  • It controls the state of fear, flight and fright.
  • It controls activities of the digestive tract, secretion of saliva, hormones and enzymes.
  • It controls contraction and relaxation of blood vessels.

About this book:

Oasis School Science Grade 10
Author: Jayananda Kapadi
Editor: Dr. Rameshwar Adhikari

About Oasis Publication:

Oasis Publication (P) Ltd.
Anamnagar, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: 0977-01-4224004