On the basis of geographical coverage area, computer networks are categorized into four types. In this chapter, we will discuss all four types of computer network, their geographical coverage area, average speed, and features.

Summary

  • Four types of computer networks are: PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN.
  • Personal Area Network is a computer network formed by connecting two or more computing devices within a small geographical area of around 10m.
  • Local Area Network is a computer network limited to a single organization, building or entity, having high bandwidth.
  • Metropolitan Area Network is a computer network covering a relatively larger geographical area than LAN, often formed by connecting multiple LANs together.
  • Wide Area Network is the largest computer network formed by connecting millions of computing devices across the world.

Quick Revision

The connection made between two or more computing devices using computer hardware and software, for data transmission, sharing of resources and overall communication is known as computer network.

Classification of Computer Network

Depending on the coverage in terms of geographical area, computer network can be broadly categorized into four types:

  • Personal Area Network (PAN)
  • Local Area Network (LAN)
  • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
  • Wide Area Network (WAN)

Personal Area Network (PAN)

PAN[1] is the smallest possible network type. It covers very small geographical area of a maximum of 10m. It is generally made using Bluetooth in case of smartphones.

Its use in organizations is limited. This network is mostly used at home, or in a smaller friend or colleagues circle.

When we use a wireless device like wireless keyboard, wireless mouse, etc. then the connection established in between the wireless devices and the computer system is also an example of PAN.

Local Area Network (LAN)

LAN[2] covers little larger area than PAN but is limited within a building. It is capable of having the fastest data transmission rate which can range upto 10 Gbps.

Usually, LANs are established using guided transmission media.

When many computers are connected together within a small organization in order to make effective communication, if is generally referred as LAN.

Computers from multiple buildings may also be interconnected in LANs.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

MAN[3] covers little wider geographical area than LAN. It can be considered as a network connection established by interconnecting several smaller networks like LANs and PANs. The data transmission rate is faster than the normal WANs but slower than the LANs.

MANs can be established using either guided transmission media, unguided transmission media or a combination of both.

You can consider MAN as a network established between two or more organizations located within a city in order to share their data.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

WAN[4] is the largest possible computer network. It is generally not limited to a fixed geographical area. It is borderless network. People from across the world can access it and makes overall communication.

WAN is formed by interconnecting multiple MANs, LANs and PANs.

Generally, WAN uses unguided transmission media. Internet is the best example of Wide Area Network.

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